Aqua and Cyan are the same color in RGB — both are #00FFFF. Any difference is in the name alone. Aqua and Cyan are identical in web CSS — both are #00FFFF. Historically cyan is the CMYK printing primary while aqua is the fashion/design name for water-colored blue-green. On screen they're the exact same pixels.
Aqua is a bright blue-green (RGB 0,255,255) named after Latin 'aqua' (water) — the color of clear tropical water. In CSS it's an alias for cyan, making it web-identical.
Cyan is a bright blue-green (RGB 0,255,255) — one of the four CMYK printing primaries and an additive RGB secondary. Identical to aqua on screen; different connotation in print and science.
Text legibility depends on the contrast ratio between foreground and background. WCAG 2.1 AA requires at least 4.5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text; AAA requires 7:1. Use these numbers to choose accessible combinations for your design.
Each color has a dedicated page with shades, tints, CSS name, pairings, and color psychology.